the best solution I’ve seen is to design cities around foot and bike traffic, like in many European cities such as Amsterdam. They’ve outright banned cars within certain distances from the city iirc, and it’s significantly reduced their carbon emissions while still allowing commuters to freely travel throughout the city en masse. This is largely impossible in America bc we’re so built around car travel, but it’s not impossible to switch over. I believe Berlin has also limited many roads to strictly bike traffic.